Planting Chrysanthemum morifolium, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, can be a rewarding endeavor as they produce beautiful and vibrant blooms. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you plant and care for them:
Choose a Location:
Select a planting site that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. Chrysanthemums prefer well-draining soil with good air circulation.
Soil Preparation:
Prepare the soil by adding organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and fertility. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.5 to 7.0).
Planting:
Chrysanthemums can be planted as seeds, cuttings, or potted plants bought from a nursery. Here’s how to plant each type:
Seeds: Sow the seeds indoors about 8–10 weeks before the last expected frost. Transplant the seedlings outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
Cuttings: Take cuttings from established plants in the spring. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix until it roots. Once rooted, you can transplant it to the garden.
Potted Plants: If you’re using potted plants from a nursery, simply transplant them into the prepared garden soil at the same depth they were in the pot.
Plant Spacing:
Space chrysanthemums about 18 to 36 inches apart, depending on the variety’s mature size.
Watering:
Water the plants thoroughly after planting and maintain consistent moisture. Avoid overwatering, as chrysanthemums don’t tolerate waterlogged soil. Water at the base of the plant to prevent fungal diseases.
Mulching:
Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to help retain soil moisture and regulate temperature. Mulch also helps suppress weeds.
Fertilizing:
Feed chrysanthemums with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for application rates.
Pinching and Pruning:
To encourage bushier growth and more blooms, pinch back the growing tips of young plants when they reach about 6 inches in height. Repeat this process every few weeks until early summer. Also, remove spent blooms to promote continuous flowering.
Pest and Disease Control:
Keep an eye out for pests like aphids, mites, and caterpillars. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control these pests. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.
Winter Care:
In colder climates, chrysanthemums may not survive the winter. You can protect them by mulching around the plants and cutting them back after the first frost. In warmer climates, they may survive and even bloom during the winter.
Chrysanthemums can be susceptible to diseases, so regular monitoring and care are essential. Following these steps should help you successfully plant and grow these colorful and lovely flowers in your garden.
